Deviations in fluid convection arising from particle - fluid interaction

Abstract

We simulate a fluid undergoing convection under the influence of a temperature gradient in the presence of non-overlapping spherical particles. We find that the particle-fluid interaction drives the fluid speed and temperature fields to deviate from the case where the suspended particles are absent. These deviations weaken with time over most of the fluid domain but are persistent in some regions, for both fluid speed and temperature.