Paramecium crowd localization using galvanotaxis controlled by 16-bit electrode set-up

Abstract

We designed a platform for localizing Paramecium crowd on each quadrant along a 2D plane. We controlled the electric field in this plane using a 16-bit electrode set-up, where each electrode’s voltage can be independently set. By setting switching frequencies on the corner electrodes, we are able to localize most of the paramecia on different quadrants. We also demonstrate the ability to move the Paramecium crowd from one quadrant to another, both across and diagonally.