Detection of surface defects on carbon black samples by the piezoelectric photoacoustic technique

Abstract

The applications of lasers to nondestructive material testing paved the way for the use of the piezoelectric photoacoustic (PZT-PA) technique in the detection and actual measurements of surface irregularities on solid samples. Conventionally, the PA technique is applied on spectroscopic studies of materials ranging from solids, liquids, gases, and aerosols, utilizing the microphone transducer to detect the PA signal. In this paper, the PZT-PA technique was utilized to detect and measure surface defects on carbon black samples.