Applications of electron holography

Abstract

The advent of a "coherent" field-emission electron beam has enabled practical applications of electron holography. For example, the phase distribution of the electron beam interacted with an object can be measured to a precision as high as 1/100 of the wavelength, and displayed as an interference micrograph. Using this technique, magnetic lines of force are directly observed as contour fringes of the interference micrograph. This technique has opened a new way not only to dynamically observe flux lines penetrating superconductors but also to execute thought experiments once regarded as experimentally impossible.