Manganese inclusion on the Ba site of bulk cuprate superconductors (Gd-123 and Y-123)

Abstract

Manganese inclusion on the barium site of Y-123 and Gd-123 system is investigated. Gd compared to Y has a relatively higher ionic radius, thus, formation of the compound is much favorable. It had been found out that as doping increases, impurities in YBCO becomes present. On the contrary, GdBCO does not show any impurity peaks. The morphology of the compounds show different grain formation and grain distribution. The critical temperature T_c decreases with the increase of doping concentration.